OLIVER CROMWELL :: essays research papers

There is definitely an association between John Knox and Oliver Cromwell. Knox, in his book The Reformation of Scotland, outlined the whole process without which the British model of government under Oliver Cromwell never would not have been possible. Yet Knox was more consistently covenantal in his thinking. He recognized that civil government is based on a covenant between the magistrate (or the representative or king) and the populace. His view was that when the magistrate defects from the covenant, it is the duty of the people to overthrow him. Cromwell was not a learned scholar, as was Knox, nevertheless God elevated him to a greater leadership role. Oliver Cromwell was born into a common family of English country Puritans having none of the advantages of upbringing that would prepare him to be leader of a nation. Yet he had a God-given ability to earn the loyalty and respect of men of genius who served him throughout his lifetime. John Bunyan, author of Pilgrim's Progress served under his command in the English Civil War, and John Milton, who penned Paradise Lost, served as his personal secretary. Cromwell's early years were ordinary, but after a conversion experience at age 27, he was seized by a sense of divine destiny. He became suddenly zealous for God. He was a country squire, a bronze-faced, callous-handed man of property. He worked on his farm, prayed and fasted often and occasionally exhorted the local congregation during church meetings. A quiet, simple, serious-minded man, he spoke little. But when he broke his silence, it was with great authority as he commanded obedience without question or dispute. As a justice of the peace, he attracted attention to himself by collaring loafers at a tavern and forcing them to join in singing a hymn. This exploit together with quieting a disturbance among some student factions at the neighboring town of Cambridge earned him the respect of the Puritan locals and they sent him to Parliament as their representative. There he attracted attention with his blunt, forcible speech as a member of the Independent Party which was made up of Puritans. The English people were bent upon the establishment of a democratic parliamentary system of civil government and the elimination of the "Divine Right of Kings." King Charles I, the tyrant who had long persecuted the English Puritans by having their ears cut off and their noses slit for defying his attempts to force episcopacy on their churches, finally clashed with Parliament over a long ordeal with new and revolutionary ideas. OLIVER CROMWELL :: essays research papers There is definitely an association between John Knox and Oliver Cromwell. Knox, in his book The Reformation of Scotland, outlined the whole process without which the British model of government under Oliver Cromwell never would not have been possible. Yet Knox was more consistently covenantal in his thinking. He recognized that civil government is based on a covenant between the magistrate (or the representative or king) and the populace. His view was that when the magistrate defects from the covenant, it is the duty of the people to overthrow him. Cromwell was not a learned scholar, as was Knox, nevertheless God elevated him to a greater leadership role. Oliver Cromwell was born into a common family of English country Puritans having none of the advantages of upbringing that would prepare him to be leader of a nation. Yet he had a God-given ability to earn the loyalty and respect of men of genius who served him throughout his lifetime. John Bunyan, author of Pilgrim's Progress served under his command in the English Civil War, and John Milton, who penned Paradise Lost, served as his personal secretary. Cromwell's early years were ordinary, but after a conversion experience at age 27, he was seized by a sense of divine destiny. He became suddenly zealous for God. He was a country squire, a bronze-faced, callous-handed man of property. He worked on his farm, prayed and fasted often and occasionally exhorted the local congregation during church meetings. A quiet, simple, serious-minded man, he spoke little. But when he broke his silence, it was with great authority as he commanded obedience without question or dispute. As a justice of the peace, he attracted attention to himself by collaring loafers at a tavern and forcing them to join in singing a hymn. This exploit together with quieting a disturbance among some student factions at the neighboring town of Cambridge earned him the respect of the Puritan locals and they sent him to Parliament as their representative. There he attracted attention with his blunt, forcible speech as a member of the Independent Party which was made up of Puritans. The English people were bent upon the establishment of a democratic parliamentary system of civil government and the elimination of the "Divine Right of Kings." King Charles I, the tyrant who had long persecuted the English Puritans by having their ears cut off and their noses slit for defying his attempts to force episcopacy on their churches, finally clashed with Parliament over a long ordeal with new and revolutionary ideas.

Essay --

This paper explores the correlation between a person’s personality and their zodiac sign. Multiple human subjects from each of the twelve zodiac signs were asked to take a 70-question personality test. The results of each survey were compared to the answer key for their respective zodiac sign. The answer keys were created by answering a survey from the point of view of each zodiac sign separately by using a basic description of what astrology says a person’s personality should be based on their zodiac sign. The amount of questions the subject answered the same with their answer key was added to each of the other results in that zodiac category. After all of the results were received for each zodiac group, an ANOVA test was performed to determine whether there was a significant variance in data between the 12 groups. To further test the data, the total number of points received on each survey in a group was averaged to decide whether each group was similar to their zodi ac personality. After experimentation, the results conclude that there was a significant difference in the results from each group. Because of this conclusion, it was proven that there is no significant correlation between a person’s personality and their zodiac sign. Astrology can be defined in many ways, one being â€Å"the study of occult influences of stars on human affairs† (â€Å"What is Astrology?†). Another interpretation of this definition is the prediction of a person’s personality and life events based on the placement on stars. â€Å"’Astrology wants to be religion and science at the same time† (Schoener). Whether Astrology is a real science or a theory based on lies is a widely debated topic between many people ranging from well-established scientists to everyday ci... ...rological predictions because the current system is very vague. Due to a very small sample size of each zodiac sign (one group only had 5 subjects), it may be beneficial to conduct the experiment with larger groups in order to increase the accuracy of the results. Also, a more comprehensive survey could be used to increase accuracy. Because participants knew what the survey was going to be about beforehand, they could have filled it out according to how they want to be viewed rather than how they really are. The survey used for this project seemed to focus on whether someone was more intellectual or creative exclusively. Despite the areas of possible effort, it is important to note that the results of this experiment should not be brushed off and further experimentation on the legitimacy of astrology should be conducted to validate the results of this experiment.

The Atkins Diet as Treatment for Children with Epilepsy :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Atkins Diet as Treatment for Children with Epilepsy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eric H. Kossoff and other scientists at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions published the article â€Å"Efficacy of the Atkins diet as therapy for intractable epilepsy† which describes their experiment using the Atkins diet as therapy to reduce the number of seizures for children with epilepsy. Along with a variety of medications, the Ketogenic diet is also used as therapy to help epileptic patients control their seizures. The Ketogenic diet is similar to starvation in a sense that it only allows patients to consume an approximate of 1,500 calories a day, which is 25% less than the recommended daily allowance of 2,000 calories. Patients that use the Ketogenic diet consume a high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate diet to induce a medical condition called ketosis. This condition is caused when the body does not have enough carbohydrates to complete the metabolism of fat leaving ketone bodies and it is believed that ketosis is responsible for controlling the seizures from occurring so frequently. The Atkins diet is much more flexible restricting only carbohydrates and allowing unlimited consumption of fats, proteins, and calories; therefore inducing the same medical condition, ketosis. Since both types of diet produces the same ketotic state and serves the same function to reduce the frequency of seizures, Kossoff and the other scientist hopes that the Atkins diet can be used as an alternative than the Ketogenic diet for children with epilepsy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Four patients under the age of 18 were involved in the experiment conducted by Kossoff and other scientists at John Hopkins to test if the Atkins diet can be used as a substitute instead of the Ketogenic diet to stimulate ketosis. In order to help all the patient transit smoothly the scientists did not change any of the medications that the patients were already on for the first two months. To assess the difference between the Ketogenic diet and the Atkins diet, scientists recorded the weight and

Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Settings

Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusionDiversity means understanding that each individual is unique and that we recognise our individual differences this can include race, gender, religious beliefs, age, sex orientation or any other differences. Equality means equal rights for people no matter what differences they may have and that they should all be treated fairly and that nothing should be lacking in their care and all care plans should be followed.Inclusion is based on the idea of allowing everyone to access to any service regardless their gender, religion or age and what they want and be included. Discrimination means when someone is taking less care of one person or is in less favour then someone else due to probably a disability or religion etc.Direct discrimination can occur in the work setting if the service you provide for one service user is less then the other due to their gender, age, religion, race or mental health or could be they are told they c ant do anything as they are in a wheelchair or not fit enough.Indirect discrimination can occur if someone has learning difficulty or English is not their first language and you leave them notes, which they cannot understand, or when the local authority sends leaflets for their services and they are not easy to read. 1.3Practises that support diversity, equality and inclusion to reduce the likelihood of discrimination may include encouraging everyone to say what there views are having them to listen to so that it can help to respect and help to resolve peoples differences and it helps an individual to be fully involved not only in their lives but in everyone’s else’s lives too.Know how to work in an inclusive wayThese are some of the key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care settings:The Disability Discrimination Act 2005The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001The Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN, 1989)The Human Rights Act 1998The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (as amended)Employment Equality Regulations 2003You can interact with an individual in an inclusive way by making them feel comfortable and asking general questions about them. Treating them equally, be respectful and listen to them carefully, not making them feel small and encourage to ask questions and give suggestions.The ways in which discrimination may be challenged by gathering evidence, and if I witnessed discrimination is going on I would report it to the office to my supervisor or manager, I would also speak to the person that is being discriminating that they will try to sort everything out and they are not alone. Outcome 3 Know how to access information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination.Sources of information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination on government web sites that list all the current legislations in place to protect the rights of an individual. You can obtain leaflets to show service users about their rights, read books, or even can contact certain age groups, such as AGE UK who can supply materials to hand out to service user’s on discrimination, equality etc..If I think someone is being a victim of discrimination, I would report this straightaway to my manager or supervisor, even if I was in this situation I would do the same, I would also look through my policy and procedures which should include policies related to inclusion and diversity, if I encounter problems I would refer to my own policies, as to the actions to take as an employee.

Ice Cubes Addiction Simulation

My 48 hour ice cube addiction simulation turned out to be very different than what i had expected. I don't put an ice cubes in my water cup at all. So my ice maker in the freezer is always empty. So I have to keep the ice maker full of ice cubes to use it in my addiction simulation. My first hour in the 48 hours simulation I was trying to fill my water bottle with ice cubes. I spilled some of ice cubes on the floor. My dad got suspicious when I filled a water bottle full of ice cubes, because I'm not used to put an ice cubes in my water bottle. My dad yelled at me and asked me why I needed that much ice anyways. I said that I needed to keep my water cold. He said we have a cold bottles in the refrigerator. I said it's better to drink water with ice cubes, he looked at me and said you weren't do that before. I said yeah, but i just want to try it. He didn't believe what i said. So it was so hard to keep my ice cubes addiction from my dad, and my friends also. My friend Johne when he saw my water bottle full of ice cubes, he kept asking me about, and made it very difficult for me to try to come up with a descent lie. It's easy to see how all the lies of an addiction can destroy a relationship and cause multiple problems. I noticed that the next morning while I was sitting in my room I was very thirsty even though I never am. I need a cup of water full with ice cubes, but my dad is sitting in the living room, and he can watch what i'm doing in the kitchen. I planned to get ice cubes in a smart way. I said dad I'll prepare the breakfast. I went to the kitchen and I started to prepare the breakfast, when my dad was watching the TV I turned on the microwave and I opened the freezer softly, and I kept looking to my dad if he realized what I'm doing. I filled my cup with ice cubes and water and I put it in a bag and I hid it under the couch. I must have gotten a little caught up in the whole ice addiction and started to want to drink the ice water. 2 days were easy to hide my addiction but after a while my dad would have probably caught on and i would have had to confess. This was a very eye opening and interesting experiment.

Should there be separation of church and state?

Ancient Greek civilization and culture continues to be one of the landmarks of world history because of the invaluable contribution that the Greeks have made in virtually all areas of human endeavor. However, civilization is not static and Greek society was swept into the same historical process that led all societies to the modern world of capitalism. What is distinct about Greek society today is the direct role that the church plays in the realm of politics, where most other countries have developed forms of government that excluded the direct participation of religious entities. What is the church’s role in the Greek state of affairs? Should there be a separation of powers of church and state in the context of Greece? The Orthodox Church in Greek Society The Orthodox Church traces its roots to the Orthodox Church based in Constantinople. It is the most dominant religion in Greece, claiming influence over 90% of the country’s population, a very wide political base that could determine the winner in national elections.   The subsequent nationalization of the Church further institutionalized its political power and created a culture/national identity where traditional church values are the core (Geographic 2004). Like most church hierarchies, the Greek Orthodox Church has always played as a conservative political force. It supported the monarchy and also aligned itself with the right wing military junta in the 1960’s in order to wage a common battle against a common threat – communism (Maniatis 2002). It also perceives pluralism and other liberal ideas as a challenge to its monopoly in the cultural sphere and has vigorously opposed such influences. It’s involvement in politics resulted in factionalism but nevertheless, it has undeniable influence over government policies and programs (Geographic 2004). Currently, Orthodox Church officials are actually employed by the government through the Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs which incidentally, also manages the properties of the church (BBC 2005). Recently, scandals rocked the Orthodox Church with allegations of embezzlement, smuggling and bribing of judges. On the Separation of Church and State From the perspective of a person outside looking in, I believe that there should be a separation of church and state. This position is based on the premises that the Church (or religion in general), especially if it is conservative promotes an ideology that preserves the traditional way of life and the status quo in society. If the church is part of governance, naturally it ensures the consistency of laws, policies and programs with the tenets of the church. For instance, because homosexuality and divorce is contrary to Church teachings, it leaves out the agenda of women and gay’s rights. Because the Orthodox Church opposes multi-culturalism, it promotes religious and cultural discrimination to governance. Because science is contrary to church teachings, how then can scientific study be actively promoted by government institutions? As such, government can not effectively respond to the breadth of social issues first through objective study followed by the institution of measures appropriate with empirical evidence if there is no actual separation of church and state. Finally, if the church also functions as part of Civil Society, or as a check and balance to government, it can not do so if it is employed by that institution with its officials actually receiving salary from it. It would be a case of conflict of interest and undermines the interest of the public. List of References Geographic (2004) Greek Church and State.  [18 February 2008] BBC One Minute News: Europe (2005) Greek Church Plans Scandal Summit. Available   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from

Supervisory techniques

The word counseling can be defined as the process of helping persons who are fundamentally psychologically healthy or otherwise resolve developmental and situational issues. Supervisory techniques are essential and incorporate some advances that may not be themselves referred as counseling such as creative problem solving but have similar aim. A successful counselor has a mature and well balanced state of mind and temperament and places him/her self in the shoes of the counselee, and has the ability to respect their (counselee) opinions, thoughts, feelings and emotions.After evaluating the story as described, a realistic, practical solution can be developed individually at first if this is beneficial, and then jointly to encourage the participants to give their best efforts at orienting their relationship with each other. It must be noted that the change in situations like financial status, physical health, and the influence of family members and friends can have an adverse negative influence on the conduct, responses and actions of the those counselee.The scope of counseling covers a wide and diversified field of study as it includes what one would imagine far and beyond these identified topics;- Abortion counseling, Brief therapy, Career Counseling, Christian counseling, Counseling psychology, Credit counseling, Cross-cultural counseling, Disaster counseling, Disciplinary counseling, Ecological counseling, Family & marriage counseling, Genetic counseling, Grief & trauma counseling, Marriage counseling, Pastoral counseling, Relationship counseling , Rehabilitation counseling, Sexual trauma counseling, Suicide intervention etc. 1.0) Pregnancy Options and Abortion counseling This provides information and support for a pregnant woman who is considering between the choices regarding the continuation of the pregnancy. The choices include continuing the pregnancy for parenting or adoption and pregnancy termination. In reality, qualified advisors take the information with certainty and encouragingly that helps each woman make the best decision for her. Counselors require up-to-date knowledge of local and national laws governing women's pregnancy choices, especially concerning adolescents and their rights to make such decisions.The tie between forced abortion and mental health is no more associated with psychological danger than carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term. Psychological effects of abortion It was noted that adverse emotional reactions to the abortion are influenced by pre-existing psychological conditions and other negative factors and, furthermore, that well-being was separately and positively related to employment, income, and education, but negatively related to total number of children. The kind of stress and the amount of stress women experience varies from culture to culture.Emotional distress may occur in a majority of women who are contemplating or have had an abortion due to a number of factors, including pre-existing mental health problems, the status of the woman's relationship with her partner, poor economic status, poor social network, or conservative views held on abortion. The term â€Å"post-abortion syndrome† was used as it was stated that it had been observed post-traumatic stress disorder which developed in response to the stress of abortion.While some studies have shown a correlation between abortion and clinical depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors, or adverse effects on women's sexual functions for a small number of women, these correlations may be explained by pre-existing social circumstances and emotional health and various factors, such as emotional attachment to the pregnancy, lack of support, and conservative views on abortion, may increase the likelihood of experiencing negative reactions. Abortion might mean a selection of women at higher risk for suicide because of reasons like depression.The study concluded that compared to other women in the group those who had an abor tion were subsequently more likely to have â€Å"mental health problems including depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors and substance use disorders. 1. 1) Career Counseling Career choices are based on matching personal traits (aptitude, abilities, resources, personality) with job factors (wages and environment for success. This framework contains three sections: a) Acquaintance with the necessary requirements and conditions of achievement, positive and negative effects, returns, opportunities, and prospects in different area’s of work.b) A true reasoning of the relations of these two groups of facts 1. 2) Christian counseling Christian counseling is carried out by a qualified counselor who upholds Christian ethics values, beliefs and philosophy. The uniting element is the therapist, who has integrated a combination of Christianity, psychology, and psychotherapy into the applied program. Counselees look at Biblical guidance and counseling as a perfect relationship with a ca ring counselor directed toward increased awareness of themselves, others, the societies and cultures in which they live, and their understanding of the Christian God.The therapy may take an ad-hoc approach, focusing simply on the therapy session itself. Clients may be more comfortable with a Christian counselor, and they may feel such a person's advice is more sensitive to their personal or religious needs. Some clients also wish to use the Christian Bible as a reference for their counseling sessions and therapy. 1. 3) Disciplinary counseling A disciplinary counseling is a session or a meeting between an employer and an employee or a supervisor and his/her junior employee.It may focus and put more emphasis on a specific work place scenario or in carrying out a performance appraisal. The counseling process may be scheduled, initiated and executed by the supervisor and is not considered disciplinary. It is conducted in ultimate privacy, and is intended to have a constructive goal of p roviding feedback to the employee to correct the problem. 1. 4) Pastoral counseling Pastoral or Biblical counseling is a branch of therapy in which ordained ministers, rabbis, priests and others provide therapy services.These include Marriage and Family Counselors. Pastoral counseling is essentially a non-licensure. Counselees often will not pay for pastoral counseling of counselors without state licensing which is often synonymous with pastoral care that include Christian Counselors, Clinical pastoral education.. 1. 5) Rehabilitation counseling This type of counseling takes interest on assisting those with disabilities to achieve their personal, career, and independent living goals through a counseling process.Though educational programs have began to appear, it is not until the availability of adequate funding for rehabilitation counseling programs that the profession begun to grow and establish its own identity. 1. 6) Suicide intervention Counseling Suicide intervention is an eff ort to stop or prevent persons attempting or contemplating suicide from killing themselves. Individuals who utter the intention cause harm to self are routinely determined to lack the present mental capacity to refuse treatment, and can be transported to an emergency department against their will.Medical advice pertaining people who attempt or consider suicide is that they should immediately go or be taken to the nearest emergency room, or emergency services should be called immediately by them or anyone aware of the problem. Modern medicine treats suicide as a mental health issue. According to medical practice, severe suicidal ideation, that is, serious contemplation or planning of suicide is a medical emergency and that the condition requires immediate emergency medical treatment. Those suffering from depression are considered as high-risk group for suicidal behavior.When depression is a major factor, successful treatment of the depression usually leads to the disappearance of sui cidal thoughts. However, medical treatment of depression is not always successful, and lifelong depression can contribute to recurring suicide attempts. 1. 7) Career Counseling A career was initially taken as a course of successive situations that make up a person's work life. One can have a sporting, musical or any other without being a real professional athlete or musician, but most frequently â€Å"career† in the 20th century referenced the series of jobs or positions by which one earned one's money.Career Assessments are tests that come in a variety of forms and rely on both quantitative and qualitative methodologies and helps individuals to identify and better articulate their unique interests, values, and skills. These type of advisors evaluates major interests, values and skills, of the client and also help them explore career options and research graduate and professional schools. This field is vast and includes career placement, career planning, learning strategies a nd student development.Typically when people come for career counseling they know exactly what they want to get out of the process, but are unsure about how it will work Career counselors work with people from all walks of life such as adolescents looking to explore career options or with experienced professionals looking for a career change. Career advisors normally have psychology, vocational psychology, or industrial/organizational setting. The approach of career counseling varies by practitioner, but generally they include the completion of one or more assessments. 1.8 Credit counseling It is also known as debt counseling. This is a process offering education to consumers about how to avoid incurring debts that cannot be repaid. This process is actually more debt counseling than a function of credit education. This type counseling involves discussing with lenders in ascertaining a debt management plan (DMP) for a consumer. A DMP may help the debtor repay his or her debt by worki ng out a repayment plan with the creditor. DMPs, set up by credit counselors, usually offer reduced payments, fees and interest rates to the client.It merely gives a fresh start and an opportunity for the client to begin building a positive credit history. Criticism for credit counseling These sharp increases of credit counseling activity also created other, more serious issues in the industry and they include: a) Exploitation by most credit guidance organizations are so significant which leads to criticism of the entire industry. b) Another common criticism of credit counseling is the assertion that participating in a Debt Management Plan will ruin a consumer’s credit.d) Severally many credit advice firms hire untrained staff to do credit counseling. References 1) Swanson, J. L. and Parcover, J. A. (1998). Annual Review: Practices and Research in career counseling and development — 1997. The Career Development Quarterly. 47, 2, 98-135. 2) Kim, B. S, Li, L. C. , and Li an, C. T. (2002) Effects of Asian American client adherence to Asian cultural values, session goal, and counselor emphasis of client expression on career counseling process. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 3, 342-354.